Oil or gas burner



2 Sheets-Sheet 1.

F. R. FENNE-SS Y. OIL 444s BURNER.

(No Model.)

No. 424,964. 1 44 114 44 54 is. 1890.-

THE Mums 4 215545 00., mom-mun wnsmmnou, 124 c.

m1 Modl.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 2.

RR. FENN ESSY. OIL 0R GAs BURNER. Nd. 424,9 4; Patented Apr. 8. 1890.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

FRANK R FENNESSY, OF NEWV YORK, N. Y., ASSIGNOR TO THE BLUE FLAMEMANUFACTURING COMPANY, OF NEIV JERSEY.

OIL OR GAS BURNER.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 424,964, dated April 8,1890.

' Application filedDecember l0, 1888x Serial No. 293,230. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, FRANK R. FENNESSY, a citizen of the UnitedStates,and a resident of New York, in the county of New York and Stateof New York, have invented a certain new and useful Improvement in Oilor Gas Burners, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to that class of burn- [o ers which have a centraldraft or air-supply and in which the flame from a gas-jet or the gaseousproducts of combustion from a burning wick are burned between theair-supplying perforated metal cylinders or chimneys r5 concentric withthe wick or jet.

The object of my invention is to provide an apparatus by means of whicha perfectly blue odorless flame of great heating-power maybe producedfrom coal-oil or from ordinary illuminating-gas for purposes of heatingor for purposes of illumination when applied to a filamentary body ofrefractory earthy material placed in the flame so as to be renderedincandescent.

My invention is designed, further, to improve the general constructionof the apparatus in the details hereinafter mentioned.

My invention consists, first, in the peculiar construction, proportions,and relations of the 0 inner and outer perforated air cylinder orchimneys, whereby I secure the production of the odorless flame of hightemperature;

secondly, in the manner of supporting the outer cylinder to allow accessto the wick or 5 burner for lighting; in the manner of supporting saidouter cylinder as well as the inner cylinder in order to cut off theconduction of heat from said cylinders to the oil-chamber or wick-tube;in the construction of wickraiser, whereby the wick may be evenly raisedand by devices not interfering with the general construction; inthe'provision of devices whereby a filamentary refractory body may besuspended over the flame or around the outer cylinder or chimney, and incertain other details of construction to be more particularlyhereinafter described.

The novel features, devices, and combinations of devices whereby thedesired heating or illuniiinating effect may be produced will bedescribed more particularly in connection with the accompanyingdrawings, forming part of this specification, and will then be moreparticularly defined in the claims.

I have herein shown my invention as applied to an oil-burner; but thesame features may obviously be applied to a gas-burner.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a vertical section of anapparatus embodyin my invention. Fig. 2 is a horizontal section on theline X X, Fig. 1, the outer perforated cylinder having been removed.Fig. 3 is a side elevation of the supporting-ring and connec'ted partsfor the outer perforated cylinder. Fig. 4 is a side elevation of aportion of the frame or support which carries said ring. Fig. 5 is avertical section through the two cylinders, showing a modification ofthe apparatus. Fig. 6 is a vertical section through the outer cylinderforming the Wick-tube, the inner cylinder being shown in elevation. Fig.

7 shows a part of one of the perforated chimneys in full size. Fig. 8 isa cross-section through the same.

Referring to Fig. 1, 0 indicates the out-side cylinder or casing whichforms the outer wall of the annular chamber in which the wick andwick-holder move up and down.

D indicates an inside cylinder or casing forming the internal wall ofthe wick or wick- 8o holder. In the annular space between the saidcylinders is placed the wick E, properly secured to an annularWick-holder F. The wick burns at the lower end of the annular chamberformed by supply-tubes, and the gaseous products of combustion suppliedby such wick are consumed in the space between the two perforatedcylinders H G and at the space at the upper end of the outer cylinder.The outer perforated cylinder or chimney II is supported by a ring orwasher K, which is attached to an annular plate N, as shown in Fig. 3,that is in turn supported from a ring or frame L. The ring or frame Iiis carried by the frame A of the stove, or by any other frame which isindependent of the wick-tube or light-chamber at the bottom of the same.The object in thus supporting the outer cylinder H independently of thewick-tube is to prevent the conduction of heat from said cyl- I00 inderto the tube and the oil-chamber at the bottom of the same supplied withoil through openings ll To assist in cutting off the conduction of heatfrom the cylinder to the wick-tube, I provide at the upper end of theouter cylinder 0 a ring or washer or packing b, of ashes tus or othermaterial which is a non-conductor of heat, and is preferablynon-combustible, with which ring the ring K engages when the burner isin condition for use.

The packing may be in any desired form or of any desired material; but Iprefer to make it fibrous or loose, so as to allow air to circulatethrough the same to assist in the prevention of the passage of heatacross the joint.

For the purpose of raising the outer cylinder II, in order to permitaccess to the burner for lighting, I provide the plate N and thesupporting-ring L with cam-surfaces, as indicated at M By means of asuitable handle 0 the supporting devices of the cylinder may be turned,and in so doing will obviously be raised sufiiciently to permit accessbeneath the ring K to the upper end of the wick or burner.

The inner perforated cylinder or chimney is supported from the innertube D by buttons or projections (I, thus producing contact between thesaid cylinders at a number of isolated points only, and to aconsiderable extent cutting off the conduction of heat from theperforated cylinder to the wick-tube and oilchamber. The upper end ofthe inner cylin der G is suitably closed by a plate or cover I, whichcauses the air passing up into said cylinder through the cylinder 1) tobe forcedoutwardly into the plain chamber, consisting of the annularspace between the perforated cylinders. The flame not only burns betweensaid cylinders, but at the open mouth of the outer cylinder 11, abovewhich any article to be heated may be placed.

It is desirable, in order to produce the best effects, that the end ofthe inner cylinder should terminate just below the end of the outercylinder and that the plate I should be applied to the mouth of theinner cylinder, so as to close the end of the same at a short distancebelow the month of the outer cylinder. By this construction a space isleft at the upper end of the outer cylinder of sub stantially the samearea as the mouth of the latter, in which the flames may burn, while theinner end of the inner cylinder, being closed at its mouth, the air isforced into the space between the two cylinders practically through thewhole height of the annular space be tween them, thus supplying air formixture with the gases to the best possible advantage. I have alsoascertained that the number and size of the openings or perforations inthe diaphragms or cylinders G II affect very materially the results.After a long experiment in this direction I have determined that ex.-cellent results are obtained by pcrforatin g the cylinders with openingseach of a gage or diameter of one-sixteenth of an inch, the number ofsuch perforations or openings to the square inch being about twenty. Itis obvious that an. equivalent amount of air might be introduced throughthe perforated cylinders or diaphragms by decreasing the diameter of theperforations and corrcspondin gl y increasing their number to the squareinch, or that within certain limits determined by the intimacy of themixture of air and gas desired the diameter of each opening might beincreased and the number to the square inch diminished. \Vhen thereforein my claim I specify openings of one-sixteenth of an inch diameter tothe number of twenty to the square inch, I design to cover theequivalent sizes and dispositions thus mentioned. I do not, however,limit myself to the exact diameters and numbers specified which willpermit a given amount of air to enter through the wall of the cylinder;but, as will be obvious, the dimensions and proportions given may bevaried or departed from to some extent, so as to increase or decreasethe amount of air ad mitted without de 'iarting from my invention.

\Vith the am araius arranged as described the violet or blue flame willfill the mouth of the outer cylinder and will readily heat any objectplaced above the same. If it be dcsired to contract the flame, a demo orplate I, having an opening through it, is employed.

The mouth of the outer cylinder might be entirely closed, as is obvious,by means of a plate I (shown. inFig. if itis desired to increase theflame and temperature on the outer wall of the exterior perforatedcylinder ll.

By the apparatus described an exceedingly intense heat may be secured,andI design employingmy apparatus as a means of producing illumination.For this'purpose I propose to support, either over the mouth of thecylinder II or around the same, any suitable incandeseing hoodsuch as isemployed in the Nelsbach and Lungren incandescent gaslightsandconsisting, essentially, of; a lilameutary body of refractory material.

In the present case I have shown a hood T, similar to that of the\Vclsbach lamp, supported by a standard S, carried by a ring R, whichrests upon a flange of the plate I. By this means the flame produced bythe oilburner, which, in the apparatus described, will be of anon-illuminating character, may be employed to produce light by heatingthe incandescing body T to incandesccnce.

A hood or incandescent body of refractory earthy material -such asindicated at \V may be also supported in the manner indicated or in anyother desired way around the outer cylinder ii, for the purpose ofproducing light. The degree of heat to which said hood W will. besubjected is obviously dependent to some extent upon the degree to whichthe flame is caused to burn on the outside of the perforated chimney lI.

In order to provide for raising the wick as IIO the same is consumed bya simple device and without interfering with the perforated chim- 'neysor cylinders G H, I employ .a construction, such as shown moreparticularly in Fig. 1, and consisting, essentially, of a vertical rod Acarrying at its upper end a cross-bar B from which depends rods 0connected to the wick-holder F. The rods C move in channels or slots m,such as indicated more clearly in Fig. 6, thus permittingthe wick to lieclose to the cylinder D. The rod A is preferably made as a rack, and isoperated by a pinion supported below the wick-tube and oil-chamber,consisting of the cavity at the bottom of the wick-tube.

My improved apparatus is operated in obvious manner. The wick havingbeen lighted is allowed to burn until the parts above the same becomesomewhat heated and until considerable vapor is evolved, when onregulating the height of the wick by means of the apparatus describedthe flame may be caused to burn at the mouth of the outer chamber and inthe annular space between the inner and outer chambers.

same and at the mouth of the tube H as they are mixed with the airsupplied through perforations in the cylinders.

WVhile I have described a form of wickraiser, I do not wish to beunderstood as confining myself thereto; nor is it to be understood thatthe form of wick-raiser is necessary to the successful use of otherfeatures of the burner.

I have hereinbefore also stated that I have obtained the best resultswith a particular size and number of perforations and have claimed thesame; but I wish it distinctly understood that I do not confine myselfto the use of the same, since the other features of the burner areuseful with any size of perforations and with perforated diaphragms orchimneys of any form or construction.

What I claim as my invention is 1. The combination, in an oil or gasburner, of the exterior perforated chimney or cylinder forming theexterior wall for a flamechamber above the burner, an interiorperforated cylinder open below and terminating near the upper end of theouter cylinder, and a closing-plate at the mouth of the inner cylinderand below the open end of the outer cylinder, as and for the purposedescribed.

2. In a central-draft oil or gas burner, perforated cylinders formingthe inner and outer walls of a flame-chamber and provided withperforations of approximately one-sixteenthinch caliberdistributed-twenty to the square inch or the equivalent, as described.

3. The combination, with an oil-burner and the exterior or perforatedchimney or cylinder for the flame-chamber, of a supporting ring or framefor said chamber carried by a frame disconnected from the wick-tube, asand for the purpose described.

4:. The combination, with the outer perforated chimney, of a supportingring or frame disconnected from the wick-tube, and a ring or washer ofasbestus or similar material on the upper end of the wick-tube betweenthe same and the lower end of the chimney or the ring to which the sameis attached.

5. The combination, with the outer perforated chimney, of a rotaryannulus or ring entirely supporting said chimney and a fixed framecarrying said ring, the frame and annulus being provided withcam-surfaces, as described, whereby on rotation of the chimney the samewill be raised to give access to the wick.

6. The combination, with the burner, of concentric perforated chimneys,the outer of which is closed at its upper end by a plate having acontracted mouth or opening through it, as and for the purposedescribed.

7. The combination, with the wick-holder F, of rods 0 supporting thesame at their lower ends, the cylinder B, having channels or grooves inwhich said rods move, the cross head B connecting the rods 0 at theirupperends, and the rack-rod A depending from said crosshead and passingdownwardly through the cylinder for engagement by the operating-pinion.

8. The combination, with an oil-burner, of an interior perforated tubeor chimney, an outer perforated tube or chimney having a contractedmouth at its upper end, and a filamentary body of refractory earthymaterial supported above such month, as and for the purpose described.

Signed at New York, in the county of New York and State of New York,this 12th day of November, A. D. 1888.

I FRANK R. FENNESSY. Witnesses:

IV M. H. OAPEL, HUGO KOELKER.

